如何写雅思小作文（task 1） --updating

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雅思小作文

雅思写作由两个tasks组成，其中小作文（task 1）一般是图表描述题。
以如下题目作为**示例**，题目会提供一张图表并加上一定的**背景描述**，你的任务是描述图片信息并进行必要的细节描述和比较：
折线图

题目分类

作文题目中**图表的分类**包含6种：

折线图(Line Graph)
饼图(Pie Chart)
条形图(Bar Chart)
表格(Table)
流程图(Process Diagram)
对比图(Comparing Diagram)

而前四种图在雅思小作文写作上基本上**完全相同**(exactly the same)，因为他们都是一些数字的表现形式。

写作结构

对于每种图表，都可以使用的雅思**小作文结构**为：
P1- Introduction - 介绍图表所展示的信息，通常是**改写题目**所给的话
P2- Overview - 总体介绍图片中的一些情况，比如哪条线长期位于最高(remains the highest throughout the whole period)
P3- Detail 1 - 介绍一些具体数字细节，不要简单表述数字，要包含**对比**或表达出**趋势**(trend)，下同
P4- Detail 2

tips：如果习惯类似总分总的形式，可以把Overview放在最后一段，and start with ‘In summary, …’
不！！要！！使！！用！！观点表达的句子, for example ‘In conclusion, …’。题目要求是描述，而不需要，也不能给出你的评论和观点
将detail分为两段是为了帮助你更好的组织文字(organise your words)，你可以按照最高/最低、前期/后期等逻辑方式分段

Practice time

根据以上知识，我们可以针对每种图表进行**写作练习**，在练习中掌握什么是你需要做的，什么是你真正需要提升的

折线图

折线图，通常是多条线在一段时间内的变化，所以需要掌握一些有关趋势、时间等词语和词组表达。

回忆雅思小作文的**写作结构**：
P1- Introduction
P2- Overview
P3- Detail 1
P4- Detail 2

Introduction

那么我们首先从Introduction入手。Introduction的内容可以直接对题目的背景描述进行**同义词替换**并加入少量**细节**。
题目描述为：

txt

The graph below gives information on the numbers of participants for different activities at one social centre in Melbourne, Australia for the period 2000 to 2020.
这张图表给出了在澳大利亚Melbourne的一家社交中心里，不同活动的参加人数信息。

那么我们可以进行这样的替换：

txt

The graph below gives information on ... -> The line graph compares...

the numbers of participants for different activities at ... -> the participation levels in five distinct activities, covering film club sessions, martial arts, amateur dramatics, table tennis, and musical performances, at

for the peiod 2000 to 2020 -> between 2000 and 2020

所以我们的第一段就是：

txt

The line graph compares the participation levels in five distinct activities, covering film club sessions, martial arts, amateur dramatics, table tennis, and musical performances, at a social centre in Melbourne, Australia between 2000 and 2020.

Overview

然后我们进入到总述部分。我们可以看出在这张图片中，Film club一直处于明显最高位，而其他线基本都分布在50人以下，所以我们可以写：

txt

It's clear that the film club was by far the highest-attended program over the period shown. The activities left have less than 50 members during almost the whole period.

你只需要找到图片上的一两个明显关键点，然后用一两句话描述就可以了。

Detail

接下来是细节描述部分，这里可以用趋势的分类来分别描述，我们可以看到Table tennis和 Musical performance的线是上升趋势，Amateur dramatics是下降趋势,其余两项基本稳定，所以我们可以这么描述：

txt

The number of participants in Musical performance and Table tennis rose year by year and reached more than 50 members and almost 20 in 2020, respectively. By contrast, the trend of Amateur dramatics declined from 2005 to 2020, becoming the most unpopular activity with less than ten members.  Besides these, the participation levels of Film club and Martial arts remained relatively stable at between 60 and 70, 30 and 40, respectively.

在下一段我们就可以描述一些有意思的点，比如在2000年到2005年，都只有四项活动有人参加：

txt

In 2000, the most unpopular activity was musical performances with no participants. The situation was switched until 2010, more than ten people participated in it. Just five years later, musical performance overtook amateur dramatics, nolong being the most unpopular activity.

完整版

txt

The line graph compares the participation levels in five distinct activities, covering film club sessions, martial arts, amateur dramatics, table tennis, and musical performances, at a social centre in Melbourne, Australia between 2000 and 2020.

It's clear that the film club was by far the highest-attended program over the period shown. The activities left have less than 50 members during almost the whole period.

The number of participants in Musical performance and Table tennis rose year by year and reached more than 50 members and almost 20 in 2020, respectively. By contrast, the trend of Amateur dramatics declined from 2005 to 2020, becoming the most unpopular activity with less than ten members.  Besides these, the participation levels of Film club and Martial arts remained relatively stable at between 60 and 70, 30 and 40, respectively.

In 2000, the most unpopular activity was musical performances with no participants. The situation was switched until 2010, more than ten people participated in it. Just five years later, musical performance overtook amateur dramatics, nolong being the most unpopular activity.

值得注意的是时态问题，除了Introduction，其余部分应该使用过去时态，因为数据是已经发生过的事情。
我的词汇量有限，所以并不能保证词汇不重复和词组的高级，这是我需要提升的部分

组合图

流程图

流程图的描述和前面四种图的方式不同，流程图没有数字，不能进行比较，不存在趋势。我们可以描述的是，step数量，起点和终点，每一个step。

所有我们需要一些流程图的描述方式来取代描述数字的方式：At the first stage in the process; The process begin with; The second step involves etc.
我们还需要一些被动语态来替换题目种给出的词：sth collection -> sth is collected; and by the way, 流程图可能是现在时而不是过去时了，因为部分流程是一个客观事实。

进行简单修改之后，我们仍然可以使用如下作文结构。
P1- Introduction
P2- Overview
P3- Detail 1
P4- Detail 2

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